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Electronic chips, memories, laser diodes, are often manufactured at high temperatures, in harsh environments. Graphite is one of the few materials suited to the construction of the machines which carry out these operations. From the synthesis of ultra-pure silicon, the main raw material used in making chips, to the final stage in their manufacture - soldering the connection pads - graphite is found in all the production equipment.
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The brush is a small cube, a few millimeters to a few centimeters long, made from pure graphite or from graphite mixe with carefully selected additives, which is essential to the operation of an electric motor. It must be able to resist harsh operating conditions: high currents, repeated start-up and shut-down cycles, very dry saturated atmospheres etc. It is fitted with a wire or cable which connects it to the power supply and is kept in place in the motor by a brush-holder, which applies a constant pressure irrespective of the degree of wear.
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A magnet is a material which creates a magnetic field, allowing it to attract iron, and more interestingly to repel or attract other magnetic components (e.g. magnets, induction coils). The rotation of small electric motors originates from this latter effect. The magnets are made from ferrite, a ceramic produced primarily from iron oxides and strontium. Their arcuate shape matches the annulus between the motor armature and the cylindrical motor housing.
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The brakes installed in high-speed trains are made from sintered materials due to the high speed and large masses of the trains: a TGV train weighing almost 400 tons and traveling at 320 km/h (200mph) must be completely stopped within 3,000 m (1.9miles). Carbone Lorraine also offers a range of carbon/carbon brakes for racing motorbikes(disks and pads). These high performance brakes have contributed to the victory of the Yamaha and Suzuki teams in the Bol d'Or and World Championship respectively.
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A fuse is a device which, when actuated, opens the circuit in which it is situated to protect other circuit components, equipment and individuals. Fuses are capable of extremely high-speed actuation; they can act faster than circuit breakers. When a fuse operates, melting of one or more elements, or metallic strips calibrated to suit the rating of the fuse occurs. The design of a fuse is the result of theoretical calculations(electrical, thermal, and metallurgical), empirical knowledge, and full-scale tests in our laboratories. |